Enviando transacciones
Cómo enviar SOL
Para enviar SOL, necesitarás interactuar con el programa SystemProgram.
import {
Connection,
Keypair,
SystemProgram,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
Transaction,
sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const fromKeypair = Keypair.generate();
const toKeypair = Keypair.generate();
const connection = new Connection(
"https://api.devnet.solana.com",
"confirmed"
);
const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
fromKeypair.publicKey,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropSignature);
const lamportsToSend = 1_000_000;
const transferTransaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
toPubkey: toKeypair.publicKey,
lamports: lamportsToSend,
})
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transferTransaction, [
fromKeypair,
]);
})();
const transferTransaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
toPubkey: toKeypair.publicKey,
lamports: lamportsToSend,
})
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transferTransaction, [fromKeypair]);
from solana.rpc.api import Client
from solana.keypair import Keypair
from solana.transaction import Transaction
from solana.system_program import TransferParams, transfer
LAMPORT_PER_SOL = 1000000000
client: Client = Client("https://api.devnet.solana.com")
sender = Keypair.generate()
receiver = Keypair.generate()
airdrop = client.request_airdrop(sender.public_key, 1 * LAMPORT_PER_SOL)
airdrop_signature = airdrop["result"]
client.confirm_transaction(airdrop_signature)
transaction = Transaction().add(transfer(TransferParams(
from_pubkey=sender.public_key,
to_pubkey=receiver.public_key,
lamports=1_000_000)
))
client.send_transaction(transaction, sender)
transaction = Transaction().add(transfer(TransferParams(
from_pubkey=sender.public_key,
to_pubkey=receiver.public_key,
lamports=1_000_000)
))
client.send_transaction(transaction, sender)
import { WalletNotConnectedError } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-base";
import { useConnection, useWallet } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react";
import { Keypair, SystemProgram, Transaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
import React, { FC, useCallback } from "react";
export const SendTenLamportToRandomAddress: FC = () => {
const { connection } = useConnection();
const { publicKey, sendTransaction } = useWallet();
const onClick = useCallback(async () => {
if (!publicKey) throw new WalletNotConnectedError();
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: publicKey,
toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey,
lamports: 1_000_000,
})
);
const signature = await sendTransaction(transaction, connection);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, "processed");
}, [publicKey, sendTransaction, connection]);
return (
<button onClick={onClick} disabled={!publicKey}>
Send 1 lamport to a random address!
</button>
);
};
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: publicKey,
toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey,
lamports: 1_000_000,
})
);
const signature = await sendTransaction(transaction, connection);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, "processed");
use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::system_instruction;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};
use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
fn main() {
let from = Keypair::new();
let frompubkey = Signer::pubkey(&from);
let to = Keypair::new();
let topubkey = Signer::pubkey(&to);
let lamports_to_send = 1_000_000;
let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());
///Airdropping some Sol to the 'from' account
match connection.request_airdrop(&frompubkey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) {
Ok(sig) => loop {
if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
if confirmed {
println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
break;
}
}
},
Err(_) => println!("Error requesting airdrop"),
};
///Creating the transfer sol instruction
let ix = system_instruction::transfer(&frompubkey, &topubkey, lamports_to_send);
///Putting the transfer sol instruction into a transaction
let recent_blockhash = connection.get_latest_blockhash().expect("Failed to get latest blockhash.");
let txn = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[ix], Some(&frompubkey), &[&from], recent_blockhash);
///Sending the transfer sol transaction
match connection.send_and_confirm_transaction(&txn){
Ok(sig) => loop {
if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
if confirmed {
println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
break;
}
}
},
Err(e) => println!("Error transferring Sol:, {}", e),
}
}
system_instruction::transfer(&from, &to, lamports_to_send);
solana transfer --from <KEYPAIR> <RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> 0.001 --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <KEYPAIR>
solana transfer --from <KEYPAIR> <RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> 0.001 --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <KEYPAIR>
How to send SPL-Tokens
Usa el programa Token Program para transferir SPL Tokens. Para enviar un token SPL, necesitas saber la dirección de la cuenta de token del usuario relacionada al token que quieres enviar. Puedes obtener la dirección y enviar tokens de la siguiente manera.
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const { Token } = require("@solana/spl-token");
(async () => {
// Connect to cluster
const connection = new web3.Connection(
web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"),
"confirmed"
);
// Generate a new wallet keypair and airdrop SOL
var fromWallet = web3.Keypair.generate();
var fromAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
fromWallet.publicKey,
web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
// Wait for airdrop confirmation
await connection.confirmTransaction(fromAirdropSignature);
// Generate a new wallet to receive newly minted token
const toWallet = web3.Keypair.generate();
// Create new token mint
const mint = await Token.createMint(
connection,
fromWallet,
fromWallet.publicKey,
null,
9,
splToken.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
// Get the token account of the fromWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it
const fromTokenAccount = await mint.getOrCreateAssociatedAccountInfo(
fromWallet.publicKey
);
//get the token account of the toWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it
const toTokenAccount = await mint.getOrCreateAssociatedAccountInfo(
toWallet.publicKey
);
// Minting 1 new token to the "fromTokenAccount" account we just returned/created
await mint.mintTo(
fromTokenAccount.address,
fromWallet.publicKey,
[],
1000000000
);
// Add token transfer instructions to transaction
const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
splToken.Token.createTransferInstruction(
splToken.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
fromTokenAccount.address,
toTokenAccount.address,
fromWallet.publicKey,
[],
1
)
);
// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromWallet]);
})();
// Add token transfer instructions to transaction
const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
splToken.Token.createTransferInstruction(
splToken.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
fromTokenAccount.address,
toTokenAccount.address,
fromWallet.publicKey,
[],
1
)
);
// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromWallet]);
import { WalletNotConnectedError } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-base";
import { useConnection, useWallet } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react";
import { Keypair, SystemProgram, Transaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, createTransferInstruction } from "@solana/spl-token";
import React, { FC, useCallback } from "react";
export const SendSPLTokenToAddress: FC = (
fromTokenAccount,
toTokenAccount,
fromWallet
) => {
const { connection } = useConnection();
const { publicKey, sendTransaction } = useWallet();
const onClick = useCallback(async () => {
if (!publicKey) throw new WalletNotConnectedError();
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
createTransferInstruction(
fromTokenAccount.address,
toTokenAccount.address,
fromWallet.publicKey,
1,
[],
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
)
);
const signature = await sendTransaction(transaction, connection);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, "processed");
}, [publicKey, sendTransaction, connection]);
return (
<button onClick={onClick} disabled={!publicKey}>
Send 1 lamport to a random address!
</button>
);
};
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
Token.createTransferInstruction(
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
fromTokenAccount.address,
toTokenAccount.address,
fromWallet.publicKey,
[],
1
)
);
const signature = await sendTransaction(transaction, connection);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, "processed");
$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM 50 vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Transfer 50 tokens
Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi
Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks
Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd
$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM 50 vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Transfer 50 tokens
Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi
Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks
Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd
Cómo calcular el costo de una transacción
El número de firmas que requiere una transacción se utiliza para calcular el costo de transacción. Mientras no estés creando una cuenta, este será el costo final de la transacción. Para obtener más información sobre los costos de creación una cuenta, consulta cálculo de exención de alquiler
Los dos ejemplos a continuación muestran las dos formas actualmente disponibles para calcular el costo estimado de transacción.
El primer ejemplo usa getEstimatedFee
, que es un nuevo método en la clase Transaction
, mientras que el segundo ejemplo usa getFeeForMessage
que reemplaza a getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash
en la clase Connection
.
getEstimatedFee
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
Keypair,
SystemProgram,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
// Connect to cluster
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const payer = Keypair.generate();
const payee = Keypair.generate();
const recentBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
const transaction = new Transaction({
recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
}).add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
toPubkey: payee.publicKey,
lamports: 10,
})
);
const fees = await transaction.getEstimatedFee(connection);
console.log(`Estimated SOL transfer cost: ${fees} lamports`);
// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports
})();
const recentBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
const transaction = new Transaction({
recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
}).add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
toPubkey: payee.publicKey,
lamports: 10,
})
);
const fees = await transaction.getEstimatedFee(connection);
console.log(`Estimated SOL transfer cost: ${fees} lamports`);
// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports
getFeeForMessage
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
Keypair,
Message,
SystemProgram,
SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// Connect to cluster
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const payer = Keypair.generate();
const payee = Keypair.generate();
const type = SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS.Transfer;
const data = Buffer.alloc(type.layout.span);
const layoutFields = Object.assign({ instruction: type.index });
type.layout.encode(layoutFields, data);
const recentBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
const messageParams = {
accountKeys: [
payer.publicKey.toString(),
payee.publicKey.toString(),
SystemProgram.programId.toString(),
],
header: {
numReadonlySignedAccounts: 0,
numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: 1,
numRequiredSignatures: 1,
},
instructions: [
{
accounts: [0, 1],
data: bs58.encode(data),
programIdIndex: 2,
},
],
recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
};
const message = new Message(messageParams);
const fees = await connection.getFeeForMessage(message);
console.log(`Estimated SOL transfer cost: ${fees.value} lamports`);
// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports
})();
const message = new Message(messageParams);
const fees = await connection.getFeeForMessage(message);
console.log(`Estimated SOL transfer cost: ${fees.value} lamports`);
// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports
Cómo agregar un memo en una transacción
Cualquier transacción puede agregar un mensaje haciendo uso del programa de notas. Actualmente se debe agregar el programID
del Memo Program manualmente MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr
.
import {
Connection,
Keypair,
SystemProgram,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
PublicKey,
Transaction,
TransactionInstruction,
sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const fromKeypair = Keypair.generate();
const toKeypair = Keypair.generate();
const connection = new Connection(
"https://api.devnet.solana.com",
"confirmed"
);
const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
fromKeypair.publicKey,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropSignature);
const lamportsToSend = 10;
const transferTransaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
toPubkey: toKeypair.publicKey,
lamports: lamportsToSend,
})
);
await transferTransaction.add(
new TransactionInstruction({
keys: [
{ pubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: true },
],
data: Buffer.from("Data to send in transaction", "utf-8"),
programId: new PublicKey("MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"),
})
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transferTransaction, [
fromKeypair,
]);
})();
const transferTransaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey,
toPubkey: toKeypair.publicKey,
lamports: lamportsToSend,
})
);
await transferTransaction.add(
new TransactionInstruction({
keys: [{ pubkey: fromKeypair.publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: true }],
data: Buffer.from("Data to send in transaction", "utf-8"),
programId: new PublicKey("MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"),
})
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transferTransaction, [fromKeypair]);
import { WalletNotConnectedError } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-base";
import { useConnection, useWallet } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react";
import {
Keypair,
PublicKey,
SystemProgram,
Transaction,
TransactionInstruction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import React, { FC, useCallback } from "react";
export const SendTenLamportToRandomAddress: FC = () => {
const { connection } = useConnection();
const { publicKey, sendTransaction } = useWallet();
const onClick = useCallback(async () => {
if (!publicKey) throw new WalletNotConnectedError();
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: publicKey,
toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey,
lamports: 10,
})
);
await transaction.add(
new TransactionInstruction({
keys: [{ pubkey: publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: true }],
data: Buffer.from("Data to send in transaction", "utf-8"),
programId: new PublicKey("MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"),
})
);
const signature = await sendTransaction(transaction, connection);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, "processed");
}, [publicKey, sendTransaction, connection]);
return (
<button onClick={onClick} disabled={!publicKey}>
Send 1 lamport to a random address!
</button>
);
};
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: publicKey,
toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey,
lamports: 10,
})
);
await transaction.add(
new TransactionInstruction({
keys: [{ pubkey: publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: true }],
data: Buffer.from("Data to send in transaction", "utf-8"),
programId: new PublicKey("MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"),
})
);
const signature = await sendTransaction(transaction, connection);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, "processed");
solana transfer --from <KEYPAIR> <RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> 0.5 --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <KEYPAIR> --with-memo <MEMO>
solana transfer --from <KEYPAIR> <RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> 0.5 --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <KEYPAIR> --with-memo <MEMO>
Cómo cambiar el presupuesto de cómputo para una transacción
El presupuesto de cómputo para una sola transacción se puede cambiar agregando una instrucción que llame al Compute Budget Program. De forma predeterminada, el presupuesto de cómputo se establece como la multiplicación de 200k unidades de cómputo por el número de instrucciones, con un máximo de 1,4 millones de unidades de cómputo. Cuanto menos cómputo utilice, menores serán los costos de transacción.
Nota: Para cambiar el presupuesto de cómputo de una transacción, debes incluir esa transacción cómo una de las primeras tres en la transacción.
import { BN } from "@project-serum/anchor";
import {
Keypair,
Connection,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
sendAndConfirmTransaction,
ComputeBudgetProgram,
SystemProgram,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const payer = Keypair.generate();
const toAccount = Keypair.generate().publicKey;
const connection = new Connection("http://127.0.0.1:8899", "confirmed");
const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
payer.publicKey,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropSignature);
const additionalComputeBudgetInstruction = ComputeBudgetProgram.requestUnits({
units: 400000,
additionalFee: 0,
});
const transaction = new Transaction()
.add(additionalComputeBudgetInstruction)
.add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
toPubkey: toAccount,
lamports: 10000000,
})
);
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
payer,
]);
console.log(signature);
const result = await connection.getParsedTransaction(signature);
console.log(result);
})();
const additionalComputeBudgetInstruction = ComputeBudgetProgram.requestUnits({
units: 400000,
additionalFee: 0,
});
const transaction = new Transaction()
.add(additionalComputeBudgetInstruction)
.add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
toPubkey: toAccount,
lamports: 10000000,
})
);
//! @brief Example Budget Management
use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::{instruction::Instruction, message::Message, pubkey::Pubkey};
use solana_sdk::{
compute_budget::ComputeBudgetInstruction,
pubkey,
signature::{Keypair, Signature},
signer::Signer,
transaction::Transaction,
};
/// Submits the program instruction as per the
/// instruction definition
fn submit_transaction(
rpc_client: &RpcClient,
wallet_signer: &dyn Signer,
instructions: Vec<Instruction>,
) -> Result<Signature, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let mut transaction =
Transaction::new_unsigned(Message::new(&instructions, Some(&wallet_signer.pubkey())));
let recent_blockhash = rpc_client
.get_latest_blockhash()
.map_err(|err| format!("error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}", err))?;
transaction
.try_sign(&vec![wallet_signer], recent_blockhash)
.map_err(|err| format!("error: failed to sign transaction: {}", err))?;
let signature = rpc_client
.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)
.map_err(|err| format!("error: send transaction: {}", err))?;
Ok(signature)
}
const PROG_KEY: Pubkey = pubkey!("PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc");
/// Increase the Transaction Budget and call normal instruction(s)
/// Here we send redundant transactions to witness Compute Budget drawdown
fn send_instructions_demo(
rpc_client: &RpcClient,
wallet_signer: &dyn Signer,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {{
let accounts = &[];
let txn = submit_transaction(
&connection,
&wallet_signer,
// Array of instructions: 0: Increase Budget, 1: Do something, 2: Do something else
[ComputeBudgetInstruction::request_units(400_000u32),
Instruction::new_with_borsh(PROG_KEY, &0u8, accounts.to_vec()),
Instruction::new_with_borsh(PROG_KEY, &0u8, accounts.to_vec())].to_vec(),
)?;
println!("{:?}", txn);
Ok(())
}
let txn = submit_transaction(
&connection,
&wallet_signer,
// Array of instructions: 0: Increase Budget, 1: Do something, 2: Do something else
[ComputeBudgetInstruction::request_units(400_000u32),
Instruction::new_with_borsh(PROG_KEY, &0u8, accounts.to_vec()),
Instruction::new_with_borsh(PROG_KEY, &0u8, accounts.to_vec())].to_vec(),
)?;
Program Logs Example:
[ 1] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
[ 2] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
[ 3] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 400000 compute units
[ 4] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
[ 5]
[ 6] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
[ 7] Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1]
[ 8] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 387157 compute units
[ 9] Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success